Category Archives: C++ Programs

c plus plus programs

C++ Program to Subtract Complex Number Using Operator Overloading

In this tutorial, we will learn to create a C++ program that will Subtract Complex Number Using Operator Overloading in C++ programming.

Prerequisites.

Before starting with this tutorial we assume that you are best aware of the following C++ programming topics:

Operators in C++ Programming.
Basic Input and Output function in C++ Programming.
Basic C++ programming.
While loop in C++ programming.

What is a Complex Number?

A number is said to be a complex number if it is in the form of x+yi, where x and y are real numbers, and i is an indeterminate satisfying the condition i² = −1.

For example, 2 + 3i

Algorithm:-

1. Declare the variables for the program.

2. Taking the input numbers and exponential number by the user.

3. Calculating the complex number.  

4. Print the Result.

5. End the program.

1. Declare the variables for the program.

2. Taking the input numbers and exponential number by the user.

3. Calculating the complex number.

4. Print the Result.

5. End the program.

Program to Subtract Complex Number Using Operator Overloading:-

In this program, we will subtract a Complex Number Using Operator Overloading. First, we will take the numbers input from the user and second, we will solve that number using operator overloading.

Program:-

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
class Complex{
public:
  float real;
  float img;

  Complex(){
    this->real = 0.0;
    this->img = 0.0;
  }

  Complex(float real, float img){
    this->real = real;
    this->img = img;
  }

  //overloading + operator
  Complex operator+(const Complex &obj){
    Complex temp;
    temp.img = this->img + obj.img;
    temp.real = this->real + obj.real;
    return temp;
  }

  //overloading - operator
  Complex operator-(const Complex &obj){
    Complex temp;
    temp.img = this->img - obj.img;
    temp.real = this->real - obj.real;
    return temp;
  }

  void display(){
    cout << this->real << " + " << this->img << "i" << endl;
  }
};
 
int main()
{
  //Declaring the required variables for the program 
  Complex a, b, c;
 //taking input number 1
  cout << "Enter real and complex coefficient of the first complex number: " << endl;
  cin >> a.real;
  cin >> a.img;
 //taking input number 2
  cout << "Enter real and complex coefficient of the second complex number: " << endl;
  cin >> b.real;
  cin >> b.img;
 
  //printing teh output for the program
  cout << "Addition Result: ";
  c = a+b;
  c.display();

  cout << "Subtraction Result: ";
  c = a-b;
  c.display();

  return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Complex{

public:

float real;

float img;

Complex(){

this->real = 0.0;

this->img = 0.0;

}

Complex(float real, float img){

this->real = real;

this->img = img;

}

//overloading + operator

Complex operator+(const Complex &obj){

Complex temp;

temp.img = this->img + obj.img;

temp.real = this->real + obj.real;

return temp;

}

//overloading - operator

Complex operator-(const Complex &obj){

Complex temp;

temp.img = this->img - obj.img;

temp.real = this->real - obj.real;

return temp;

}

void display(){

cout << this->real << " + " << this->img << "i" << endl;

}

};

int main()

{

//Declaring the required variables for the program

Complex a, b, c;

//taking input number 1

cout << "Enter real and complex coefficient of the first complex number: " << endl;

cin >> a.real;

cin >> a.img;

//taking input number 2

cout << "Enter real and complex coefficient of the second complex number: " << endl;

cin >> b.real;

cin >> b.img;

//printing teh output for the program

cout << "Addition Result: ";

c = a+b;

c.display();

cout << "Subtraction Result: ";

c = a-b;

c.display();

return 0;

}

Output:-

In the above program, we have first initialized the required variable.

a = it will hold the complex value.
b = it will hold the complex value.
c = it will hold the complex value.
temp = it will hold the complex value.
real = it will hold the float value.
img = it will hold the integer value.

Taking the input integer number and exponent from the user.

Calculating the complex numbers.

Printing the output numbers.

C++ Program to Demonstrate Increment ++ and Decrement — Operator Overloading

In this tutorial, we will learn to create a C++ program that will Demonstrate Increment ++ and Decrement — Operator Overloading in C++ programming.

Prerequisites.

Before starting with this tutorial we assume that you are best aware of the following C++ programming topics:

Operators in C++ Programming.
Basic Input and Output function in C++ Programming.
Basic C++ programming.
Classes and Objects in C++ programming.

What are the operators?

Operators are symbols with special meanings in a programming language. The operators are used between one or more operand.

There are three types of operators on the basis of operands.

Unary operator.
Binary operator.
Ternary operator.

In this program, we will overload the unary operator i.e. “++”,”–“.

C++ Program for Operator overloading:-

In this program, we will Overload increment and decrement operators. We will use the operators to work for user-defined classes. It means we will use the operators with special meaning in the program for a data type.

Program to overload increment operator:-

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Check
{
  private:
    int i;
  public:
    Check(): i(0) {  }

    // Return type is Check
    Check operator ++()
    {
       Check flag;
       ++i;
       flag.i = i;

       return flag;
    }

    void Display()
    { cout << "i = " << i << endl; }
};

int main()
{ 
    //declaring the for the class to access the functions
    Check obj, obj1;
    obj.Display();
    obj1.Display();

    obj1 = ++obj;

    obj.Display();
    obj1.Display();
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Check

{

private:

int i;

public:

Check(): i(0) { }

// Return type is Check

Check operator ++()

{

Check flag;

++i;

flag.i = i;

return flag;

}

void Display()

{ cout << "i = " << i << endl; }

};

int main()

{

//declaring the for the class to access the functions

Check obj, obj1;

obj.Display();

obj1.Display();

obj1 = ++obj;

obj.Display();

obj1.Display();

return 0;

}

Program to overload decrement operator:-

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Check
{
  private:
    int i;
  public:
    Check(): i(3) {  }
    Check operator -- ()
    {
        Check flag;
        flag.i = --i;
        return flag;
    }

    // overloading the decrement operator.
    Check operator -- (int)
    {
        Check flag;
        flag.i = i--;
        return flag;
    }

    void Display()
    { cout << "i = "<< i <<endl; }
};

int main()
{
    Check obj, obj1;    
    obj.Display(); 
    obj1.Display();

    // Operator function is called, only then value of obj is assigned to obj1
    obj1 = --obj;
    obj.Display();
    obj1.Display();

    // Assigns value of obj to obj1, only then operator function is called.
    obj1 = obj--;
    obj.Display();
    obj1.Display();

    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Check

{

private:

int i;

public:

Check(): i(3) { }

Check operator -- ()

{

Check flag;

flag.i = --i;

return flag;

}

// overloading the decrement operator.

Check operator -- (int)

{

Check flag;

flag.i = i--;

return flag;

}

void Display()

{ cout << "i = "<< i <<endl; }

};

int main()

{

Check obj, obj1;

obj.Display();

obj1.Display();

// Operator function is called, only then value of obj is assigned to obj1

obj1 = --obj;

obj.Display();

obj1.Display();

// Assigns value of obj to obj1, only then operator function is called.

obj1 = obj--;

obj.Display();

obj1.Display();

return 0;

}

Output for increment:-

Output for decrement:-

Overloading the increment operator.

Overloading the decrement operator.

Main function body.

Printing the outputs

1. Increment Operator overloading.

2. Decrement operator overloading.

C++ Program to Demonstrate Operator Overloading

In this tutorial, we will learn to create a C++ program that will Demonstrate Operator Overloading in C++ programming.

Prerequisites.

Before starting with this tutorial we assume that you are best aware of the following C++ programming topics:

Operators in C++ Programming.
Basic Input and Output function in C++ Programming.
Basic C++ programming.
Classes and Objects in C++ programming.

What are the operators?

Operators are symbols with special meanings in a programming language for datatypes. The operators are used between one or more operands to perform the operations.

There are three types of operators

Operators in C++ can be categorized into 6 types:

1. Arithmetic Operators
2. Assignment Operators
3. Relational Operators
4. Logical Operators
5. Bitwise Operators
6. Other Operators

Operators in C++ can be categorized into 6 types:

1. Arithmetic Operators

2. Assignment Operators

3. Relational Operators

4. Logical Operators

5. Bitwise Operators

6. Other Operators

In this program, we will overload the Arithmetic operator i.e. “++”.

Algorithm:-

1. Starting the program.

2. Declaring the class that will overload the operator.

3. Declaring the variable required for the program.

4. Creating a Constructor to initialize count to 8.

5. Overloading the ++ when used as prefix.

6. Call the "void operator ++ ()" function.

7. Printing the data afteroverloading the ++ operator.

7. End program.

1. Starting the program.

2. Declaring the class that will overload the operator.

3. Declaring the variable required for the program.

4. Creating a Constructor to initialize count to 8.

5. Overloading the ++ when used as prefix.

6. Call the "void operator ++ ()" function.

7. Printing the data afteroverloading the ++ operator.

7. End program.

Program for Operator overloading:-

In this program, we will Overload the increment operator. We will use the operators to work for user-defined classes. It means we will use the operators with special meaning in the program for a data type.

Program to overload increment operator:-

// Overload ++ when used as prefix

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
//declaring the class that will overload the operator  
class Count 
{
    //declaring the variable required for the program
   private:
    int i;

   public:

    // Creating a Constructor to initialize count to 8
    Count() : i(8) {}

    // Overloading the ++ when used as prefix
    void operator ++ () {
        ++i;
    }
    //printing the data afteroverloading the ++ operator
    void display() 
    {
        cout << "Count: " << i << endl;
    }
};

int main() {
    Count count1;

    // Call the "void operator ++ ()" function
    ++count1;

    count1.display();
    return 0;
}

// Overload ++ when used as prefix

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

//declaring the class that will overload the operator

class Count

{

//declaring the variable required for the program

private:

int i;

public:

// Creating a Constructor to initialize count to 8

Count() : i(8) {}

// Overloading the ++ when used as prefix

void operator ++ () {

++i;

}

//printing the data afteroverloading the ++ operator

void display()

{

cout << "Count: " << i << endl;

}

};

int main() {

Count count1;

// Call the "void operator ++ ()" function

++count1;

count1.display();

return 0;

}

Output for increment:-

Declaring the required variables for the program.

Creating a constructor.

Overload operator.

Main function body.

Printing the outputs

C++ Program to Swap Numbers in Cyclic Order Using Call by Reference

C++ Program to Convert Binary to Decimal

In this tutorial, we will create a c++ program to covert Binary to Decimal using C++ programming language.

Prerequisites

Before starting with this tutorial we assume that you are best aware of the following C programming topics:

Basic input/output Functions.
Basic c++ programming.
C++ Functions.
User-defined Functions in C++.
C++ Recursion.
if…else statement.
Loops.

What Is Binary Number?

A number system in which numbers are represented by using only two digits (0 and 1) with a base 2 is called a binary number system.In the concept of converting a number from binary to a decimal number , extract all the digits of the binary number (starting from right of binary number )and multiply the each digits with the base(power of 2) lastly add each number.As shown below.

Example: 1111
Decimal number =1*(2^3) + 1*(2^2) + 1*(2^1) + 1*(2^0)=8 + 4 +0+1 = 15.

C++ Program to Convert Binary to Decimal.

In this program we will covert Binary to Decimal using user define function. We would first declared and initialized the required variables. Next, we would prompt user to input the number . Later we will covert specified number fro Binary to Decimal.

#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>
using namespace std; // declaring required header files.
    
    int BD(long no) // fucntion for finding binary ti decimal
    {
        int i = 0,d= 0, rem;

        while (no!=0)         //converting binary value  to decimal value
        {
            rem = no%10;
            no /= 10;
            int res = rem * pow(2,i);
            d += res;
            i++;
        }
        return d;
    }
    int main()
    {
        long num;
        cout <<"Enter any  binary number: \t ";
        cin >> num;  
        cout <<" in Decimal = " << BD(num);
        return 0;
    }

#include <iostream>

#include <math.h>

using namespace std; // declaring required header files.

int BD(long no) // fucntion for finding binary ti decimal

{

int i = 0,d= 0, rem;

while (no!=0) //converting binary value to decimal value

{

rem = no%10;

no /= 10;

int res = rem * pow(2,i);

d += res;

i++;

}

return d;

}

int main()

{

long num;

cout <<"Enter any binary number: \t ";

cin >> num;

cout <<" in Decimal = " << BD(num);

return 0;

}

Output

In the above program, we have first declared and initialized a set variables required in the program.

num = it will hold given binary number.
BD = User define function.
no= catch value passing through function calling.
i= for iteration.
rem= hold the remainder.
d= hold the decimal value.

In the next statement user will be prompted to enter a Binary number which will be pass through BD(num) function as a parameter. Now within the function using while loop digits of binary are extracted one by one starting from right as shown in below image.

then extracted digits with remainders of the number are multiplied with powers of 2.
i.e. power of 2. res = rem*pow(2,i) .
using inbuilt power function.
After multiplying each digit results added and stored in variable.
d(decimal) :=> d += res.
This process continues until while condition false ,and we finally we will print the result in output.

C++ Program to Remove all Characters in a String Except Alphabets

In this tutorial, we will learn to create a C++ program that will Remove all Characters in a String Except Alphabets in C++ programming.

Prerequisites

Before starting with this tutorial we assume that you are best aware of the following C++ programming topics:

Operators in C++ Programming.
Basic Input and Output function in C++ Programming.
Basic C++ programming.
For loop in C++ programming.
Conditional statements in C++ programming.
String functions of C++ programming.

What are Characters in a String?

The characters can be anything typed on the screen i.e. letter or number in a string. The string is a collection of characters. In C++ we can take input string from the user and store it in a variable.

Algorithm:-

1. Start Program. 

2. Declaring the required variables for the program.

3. Taking input string from the user for the program.

4. Passing that string to for loop for removing the data.

5. Printing the output string to user.

6. End Program.

1. Start Program.

2. Declaring the required variables for the program.

3. Taking input string from the user for the program.

4. Passing that string to for loop for removing the data.

5. Printing the output string to user.

6. End Program.

Program to Remove all Characters in a String Except Alphabets:-

In today’s program, we will take the input string from the user and store it in a variable then we will remove all Characters in a String Except Alphabets. After removing we will print that string on the output screen.

The below will be an example program to remove the characters from the string.

Program:-

/* C++ Program to Remove all Characters in a String Except Alphabets */
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{
    
    //Declaring the required variables for the program.
    string str;
    string flag = "";
    
    //Taking the input string from the user for program
    cout << "Enter the string value: ";
    getline(cin, str);
    
    //Passing that string to for loop for removing the data
    for (int i = 0; i < str.size(); ++i) 
    {
    if ((str[i] >= 'a' && str[i] <= 'z') || (str[i] >= 'A' && str[i] <= 'Z'))
    {
            flag = flag + str[i];
    }
    }
    str = flag;
    //Printing the output string to user.
    cout << "Output String: " << str;
    return 0;
}

/* C++ Program to Remove all Characters in a String Except Alphabets */

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

//Declaring the required variables for the program.

string str;

string flag = "";

//Taking the input string from the user for program

cout << "Enter the string value: ";

getline(cin, str);

//Passing that string to for loop for removing the data

for (int i = 0; i < str.size(); ++i)

{

if ((str[i] >= 'a' && str[i] <= 'z') || (str[i] >= 'A' && str[i] <= 'Z'))

{

flag = flag + str[i];

}

str = flag;

//Printing the output string to user.

cout << "Output String: " << str;

return 0;

}

Output:-

In the above program, we have first initialized the required variable.

str = it will hold the string value.
flag = it will hold the string value.

Taking the input string from the user.

Remove all Characters in a String Except Alphabets.

Printing the output.

C++ Program to Find the Number of Vowels, Consonants, Digits and White Spaces in a String

In this tutorial, we will learn to create a C++ program that will Find the Number of Vowels, Consonants, Digits, and White Spaces in a String in C programming

Prerequisites

Before starting with this tutorial we assume that you are best aware of the following C++ programming topics:

Operators in C++ Programming.
Basic Input and Output function in C++ Programming.
Basic C++ programming.
For loop in C++ programming.

About The Program

The string is a collection of numbers, vowels, consonants, and white spaces. In today’s program, we will count the vowels, consonants, digits, and white spaces from the input string. For this, we will pass that string to multiple conditions and loop to remove the vowels, consonants, Digits, and blank spaces.

Algorithm:-

1. Declaring the variables for the program.

2. Taking the input number from the user.

3. Adding the given sting to program  .

4. Passing those variables to forloop.

5. Using those numbers to be saved in variables and filter them with for loop.

6. Printing the result words.

1. Declaring the variables for the program.

2. Taking the input number from the user.

3. Adding the given sting to program .

4. Passing those variables to forloop.

5. Using those numbers to be saved in variables and filter them with for loop.

6. Printing the result words.

Program to count Number of Vowels, Consonants, Digits and White Spaces:-

/* C++ Program to Program to Find the Number 
of Vowels, Consonants, Digits and White Spaces in a String */ 
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
   char str[] = {"Environment W3ADDA"};
   int vowels, consonants, digits, spaces;
   vowels = consonants = digits = spaces = 0;
   for(int i = 0; str[i]!='\0'; ++i) {
      if(str[i]=='a' || str[i]=='e' || str[i]=='i' ||
      str[i]=='o' || str[i]=='u' || str[i]=='A' ||
      str[i]=='E' || str[i]=='I' || str[i]=='O' ||
      str[i]=='U') {
         ++vowels;
      } else if((str[i]>='a'&& str[i]<='z') || (str[i]>='A'&& str[i]<='Z')) {
         ++consonants;
      } else if(str[i]>='0' && str[i]<='9') {
         ++digits;
      } else if (str[i]==' ') {
         ++spaces;
      }  
   }
   cout << "The string is: " << str << endl;
   cout << "Vowels: " << vowels << endl;
   cout << "Consonants: " << consonants << endl;
   cout << "Digits: " << digits << endl;
   cout << "White spaces: " << spaces << endl;
   return 0;
}

/* C++ Program to Program to Find the Number

of Vowels, Consonants, Digits and White Spaces in a String */

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {

char str[] = {"Environment W3ADDA"};

int vowels, consonants, digits, spaces;

vowels = consonants = digits = spaces = 0;

for(int i = 0; str[i]!='\0'; ++i) {

if(str[i]=='a' || str[i]=='e' || str[i]=='i' ||

str[i]=='o' || str[i]=='u' || str[i]=='A' ||

str[i]=='E' || str[i]=='I' || str[i]=='O' ||

str[i]=='U') {

++vowels;

} else if((str[i]>='a'&& str[i]<='z') || (str[i]>='A'&& str[i]<='Z')) {

++consonants;

} else if(str[i]>='0' && str[i]<='9') {

++digits;

} else if (str[i]==' ') {

++spaces;

}

cout << "The string is: " << str << endl;

cout << "Vowels: " << vowels << endl;

cout << "Consonants: " << consonants << endl;

cout << "Digits: " << digits << endl;

cout << "White spaces: " << spaces << endl;

return 0;

}

Output:-

In the above program, we have first initialized the required variable.

str[] = it will hold the string value.
vowels = it will hold the integer value for vowels.
consonant = it will hold the integer value for consonants.
digits = it will hold the integer value for numbers.
spaces = it will hold the integer value for spaces.

Input strings from the user.

Calculating the Number of Vowels, Consonants, Digits, and White Spaces in a String.

Printing output.

C++ Program to Count Vowels in String

In this tutorial, we will create a c++ program to count vowels in entered string by the user using c++ programming.

Prerequisites

Before starting with this tutorial we assume that you are best aware of the following C programming topics:

Operators
Condition statement.
Array.
Strings.
logical operator.

What Is Vowel and Consonant?

Vowel :=> Sound that allowing breath to flow out of mouth, without closing any part of the mouth.
Consonant:=> Sound made by blocking air from flowing out of the mouth with the teeth or throat.
Example

As we know A E I O U are called vowels. And renaming alphabets except these 5 vowels are called consonants.

C++ Program to Count Vowels in String.

#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    char strng[100];  // declaring variables..
    int i,vow=0;
        
    cout<<"Enter  the string : ";
    cin>>strng; // taking string from user.
    
    //Initializing for loop. 
    for(i=0;strng[i];i++)  // iterate loop 
    {
        //Counting the vowels in a string.
        if(strng[i]=='a'|| strng[i]=='e'||strng[i]=='i'||strng[i]=='o'||strng[i]=='u'||strng[i]=='A'||strng[i]=='E'||strng[i]=='I'||strng[i]=='O' ||strng[i]=='U')
        {
		    vow++;
        }
    }
    //Printing number of vowels.
    cout<<"Total number of vowels in a gievn string are = "<<vow;;
     return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

#include <string.h>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

char strng[100]; // declaring variables..

int i,vow=0;

cout<<"Enter the string : ";

cin>>strng; // taking string from user.

//Initializing for loop.

for(i=0;strng[i];i++) // iterate loop

{

//Counting the vowels in a string.

if(strng[i]=='a'|| strng[i]=='e'||strng[i]=='i'||strng[i]=='o'||strng[i]=='u'||strng[i]=='A'||strng[i]=='E'||strng[i]=='I'||strng[i]=='O' ||strng[i]=='U')

{

vow++;

}

//Printing number of vowels.

cout<<"Total number of vowels in a gievn string are = "<<vow;;

return 0;

}

Output

In the above program, we have first declared a variables required in the program.

strng= hold given string.
i= for iteration.
vow= to count vowels in a string.

First of all we will prompted user to enter any string.Then with the help of program we will find the number of vowel in inputted string using following logic.

As user inputs any string we check all vowel with in the string in both lower-case and upper-case as shown in above example using for loop we Initialize for loop and terminate it at the end of string.

As show in above here we will check the entire string with in the loop and count the number of vowels in a string .After the completion of a loop.we will get the number vowel in a following string and print total number vowel present within the string.

C++ Program to Find the Frequency of Characters in a String

In this tutorial, we will create a c++ program to find frequency of occurrence of a character in a String using C++ programming language.

Prerequisites

Before starting with this tutorial we assume that you are best aware of the following C++ programming topics:

Operators.
looping statements.
Basic input/output.
Basic c++ programming
For Loop.
String.

What Is frequency of occurrence of a character ?

frequency means to find and count given character present in the string.i.e total number of occurrence of a particular character in a string.

C++ Program to Find the Frequency of Characters in a String.

In this program we will we will find frequency of a given character. We would first declared and initialized the required variables. Next, user will be prompted to enter a string and a character to find the frequency of given character.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    string strng; // declaring variables
    char ch;
    int i,count = 0;
    cout<<"enter any string ";
    cin>>strng; // getting a string from user.
    cout<<" enter character to find frequency"; 
    cin>>ch;

    for ( i = 0; i < strng.size(); i++) 
    {
        if (strng[i] ==  ch) // finding frequency of a given character.
        {
            count++;
        }
    }
 cout << "Number of frequency of " << ch << " = " << count;
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

string strng; // declaring variables

char ch;

int i,count = 0;

cout<<"enter any string ";

cin>>strng; // getting a string from user.

cout<<" enter character to find frequency";

cin>>ch;

for ( i = 0; i < strng.size(); i++)

{

if (strng[i] == ch) // finding frequency of a given character.

{

count++;

}

cout << "Number of frequency of " << ch << " = " << count;

return 0;

}

Output

In the above program, we have first declared and initialized a set variables required in the program.

strng = it will hold entered string.
ch = it will hold a finding character.
i= for iteration.
count= count number of occurrence of a character.

And in the next statement user will be prompted to enter string and a character which will be assigned to variable ‘strng’ and in ‘ch’ respectively. Now we will loop through the size of a string using sizeof() function in each iteration we will compare string to given character to find the occurrence of a character and each matching condition we increase the counter value by one as shown in image.

This process will continues until the loop ends , and at last we will print the total number of occurrence of a given character in the string.This is the process of finding the frequency of occurrence of a character in a String.

C++ Program to Copy String

In this tutorial, we will learn to create a C++ program that will Copy String in C++ programming.

Prerequisites

Before starting with this tutorial we assume that you are best aware of the following C++ programming topics:

Operators in C++ Programming.
Basic Input and Output function in C++ Programming.
Basic C++ programming.
Using Strings in C++ Programming.

Algorithm:-

1. Declaring the variables for the program.

2. Add a string to the variable

3. Copy from the taken variable.

4. Printing the result string.

5. End

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						1. Declaring the variables for the program.
 
2. Add a string to the variable
 
3. Copy from the taken variable.
 
4. Printing the result string.
 
5. End

Program to Copy String

As we all know the String is a collection of characters, symbols, digits, and blank spaces. In strings, only one variable is declared which can store multiple values. First will take the input string from the user. And then will copy the string. The C++ programming language has many pre-defined functions for string manipulation. but in today’s tutorial, we will do copy work with the help of a simple assignment operator without using a predefined function.

With the help of the below program, we can Copy String.

Program Code:-

/* C++ Program to copy a string. */
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    //declaring the variables for the program to hold the string values
    string s1, s2;
    
    // taking input string rom the user 
    cout << "Enter string s1: ";
    //reading the input from the user for program
    getline (cin, s1);
    
    //copy the string from one 
    s2 = s1;
     
    //printing output for the string copy
    cout << "s1 = "<< s1 << endl;
    // printing the string 2
    cout << "s2 = "<< s2;

    return 0;
}

/* C++ Program to copy a string. */

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

//declaring the variables for the program to hold the string values

string s1, s2;

// taking input string rom the user

cout << "Enter string s1: ";

//reading the input from the user for program

getline (cin, s1);

//copy the string from one

s2 = s1;

//printing output for the string copy

cout << "s1 = "<< s1 << endl;

// printing the string 2

cout << "s2 = "<< s2;

return 0;

}

Output:-

In the above program, we have first initialized the required variable.

s1 = it will hold the string value.
s2 = it will hold the string value.

Taking Input string from the user for copying the string.

Reading the input string from the user with getline statement.

Copying the string with the help of the assignment operator.

Printing the output copied string2.

C++ Program to Reverse of String

In this tutorial, we will learn to create a C++ program that will Reverse of String using C++ programming.

Prerequisites

Before starting with this tutorial we assume that you are best aware of the following C++ programming topics:

Operators.
looping statements.
Basic input/output.
Basic c++ programming
For Loop.
String.
Array.

String

Usually “string,” means a collection of characters called ‘string’ that represents text data in languages like c,c++ and Java.

What is array?

An Array is a collection variable elements that can store multiple values in a single variable of same type.

C++ Program to Reverse of String

In this program we will reversing a string. We would first declared and initialized the required variables. Next, we would prompt user to input a string .Later we will reverse a string.

#include<iostream>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
    char strng[50], tmp; // declaring avriables..
    int i, j;
    cout << "Enter a string : ";  // taking string from user..
    cin>>strng;
    j = strlen(strng) - 1; // finding length of string
    for (i = 0; i < j; i++,j--)
    {
        tmp = strng[i];          // reversing a string..
        strng[i] = strng[j];
        strng[j] = tmp;
    }
    cout << "\nReversing the String : " << strng;   // printing reverse string..
    return 0;
}

#include<iostream>

#include<string.h>

using namespace std;

int main ()

{

char strng[50], tmp; // declaring avriables..

int i, j;

cout << "Enter a string : "; // taking string from user..

cin>>strng;

j = strlen(strng) - 1; // finding length of string

for (i = 0; i < j; i++,j--)

{

tmp = strng[i]; // reversing a string..

strng[i] = strng[j];

strng[j] = tmp;

}

cout << "\nReversing the String : " << strng; // printing reverse string..

return 0;

}

In the above program, we have first declared and initialized a set variables required in the program.

strng = it will hold entered string.
tmp = it will hold a finding character.
i and j= for iteration.

In our program, we print the string in reverse order.
i.e the last element of array should be displayed first,followed by second last element and so on.

First of all we take a string as input from user and store the value in variable strng.

And now with the help of strlen() function we will find the length of a string and store the length of string in variable j.

Within the loop we reverse the value of string with help of tmp variable as shown in below image.

And after traversing the whole string traverse from last to first and print the string element in reverse order.

C++ Program to Compare Two Strings

In this tutorial, we will learn to create a C++ program that will Compare two Strings using C++ programming.

Prerequisites

Before starting with this tutorial we assume that you are best aware of the following C++ programming topics:

Operators.
looping statements.
Basic input/output.
Basic c++ programming
For Loop.
String.

String

Usually”string,” means a collection of characters called ‘string’ that represents text data in languages like c,c++ and Java.

What is array?

An Array is a collection variable elements that can store multiple values in a single variable of same type.

C++ Program to Compare two Strings.

In this program we will compare two strings. We would first declared and initialized the required variables. Next, we would prompt user to input two strings .Later we will compare strings.

#include<iostream>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
        char strng1[100], strng2[100]; // declaring variables..
        cout<<"Enter First String : "; // taking strings
        cin>>strng1;
        cout<<"Enter Second String : ";
        cin>>strng2;
        if(strcmp(strng1, strng2)==0)  // comparing with in built function
        {
                cout<<"\n Strings are Equal!!!";
        }
        else
        {
                cout<<"\n Strings are Not Equal!!!";
        }
        return 0;
}

#include<iostream>

#include<string.h>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

char strng1[100], strng2[100]; // declaring variables..

cout<<"Enter First String : "; // taking strings

cin>>strng1;

cout<<"Enter Second String : ";

cin>>strng2;

if(strcmp(strng1, strng2)==0) // comparing with in built function

{

cout<<"\n Strings are Equal!!!";

}

else

{

cout<<"\n Strings are Not Equal!!!";

}

return 0;

}

output

In the above program, we have first declared and initialized a set variables required in the program.

strng1 = it will hold entered string one.
strng2 = it will hold entered string two.

In our program, we will compare two string if both are similar we will print string are equal if not they are not equal.

First of all we take two strings input from user and store their value in variable strng1 and strng2.

And now with the help of strcmp() function we will compare these two strings .we check the string in if else condition if string are equal strcmp() gives true value

and if string are not equal strcmp() gives false value.

Here Strcmp()function is a pre-defined function in a string.h header file.The strcmp() function take two strings as a arguments, and returns an integer value where the integer value can be zero, positive or Negative.

On comparing the strings by using the strcmp() function, i.e., strcmp(str1,str2). This function will compare both the strings strng1 and strng2. the function returns 0 if values of strings are equal ,means that both the strings are same, otherwise the strings are not equal.